This edition is out-dated!
There is a new version of this book:
A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, Second Edition
at
Indo-European Language Association
Grammar


A GRAMMAR OF

MODERN

INDO-EUROPEAN

 

First Edition

 

Language and Culture

Writing System and Phonology

Morphology

Syntax

 

 

   DNGHŪ                                                                  Carlos Quiles


 

Modesn Sindhueurōī Grbhmńtikā

Apo Górilos Kūriakī[1] eti aliōs áugtores

 

 

Publisher

:  Asociación Cultural Dnghu

Pub. Date

:   July 2007

ISBN

:  978-84-611-7639-7

Leg. Dep.

:   SE-4405-2007 U.E.

Pages

:   390

 

 

Copyright Š 2007-2009 Asociación Cultural Dnghu

Š 2006-2009 Carlos Quiles Casas.

Printed in the European Union.

Published by the Indo-European Language Association.

Content revised and corrected by Indo-Europeanist M.Phil. Fernando López-Menchero Díez.

Edition Managed by  Imcrea Diseńo Editorial Ž at <http://www.imcrea.com/>.

All content on this book is licensed under a Dual Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License and GNU Free Documentation License unless otherwise expressly stated. If you have no direct Internet connection, please proceed to read the Creative Commons license (summary) text from another computer online in the website of Creative Commons, i.e. <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, and its complete legal code in  <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode>.

All images are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, most of them coming from Dnghu’s website <http://dnghu.org/> or from the Indo-European Wiki <http://indo-european.eu/>, a portal on Modern Indo-European, which in turn may have copied content from the English Wikipedia and other online and collaborative sources.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

For corrections, translations and newer versions of this free (e)book, please visit <http://dnghu.org/en/Indo-European grammar/>


Table of Contents

Table of Contents. 3

Preface.. 9

Preface To The First Edition.. 11

What’s New in This Edition.. 15

Acknowledgements. 17

Conventions Used in this Book.. 18

1. Introduction.. 23

1.1. The Indo-European Language Family. 23

1.2. Traditional Views. 25

1.3. The Theory of the Three Stages. 27

1.4. The Proto-Indo-European Urheimat or ‘Homeland’ 31

1.5. Other Linguistic and Archaeological Theories. 35

1.6. Relationship to Other Languages. 37

1.7. Indo-European Dialects of Europe.. 39

Schleicher’s Fable: From Proto-Indo-European to Modern English. 39

1.7.1. Northern Indo-European dialects. 41

1.7.2. Southern Indo-European Dialects. 62

1.7.3. Other Indo-European Dialects of Europe. 70

1.7.4. Anatolian Languages. 78

1.8. Modern Indo-European.. 81

2. Letters and Sounds. 85

2.1 The Alphabets of Modern Indo-European.. 85

A. Vowels and Vocalic Allophones. 85

B. Consonants and Consonantal Sounds. 86

2.2. Classification of Sounds. 88

2.3. Sounds of the Letters. 89

2.4. Syllables. 92

2.5. Quantity. 93

2.6. Accent. 94

2.7. Vowel Change.. 95

2.8. Consonant Change.. 96

2.9. Peculiarities of Orthography. 99

2.10. Kindred Forms. 102

3. Words and their Forms. 103

3.1. The Parts of Speech.. 103

3.2. Inflection.. 104

3.3. Root, Stem and Base.. 105

3.4. Gender.. 106

3.5. General Rules of Gender.. 109

3.6. Vowel Grade.. 111

3.7. Word Formation.. 112

4. Nouns. 115

4.1. Declension of Nouns. 115

4.2. First Declension.. 117

4.2.1. First Declension. 117

4.2.2. First Declension in Examples. 118

4.2.3. The Plural in the First Declension. 119

4.3. Second Declension.. 120

4.3.1. Second Declension. 120

4.3.2. Second Declension in Examples. 120

4.5.3. The Plural in the Second Declension. 121

4.4. Third Declension.. 122

4.4.1. Third Declension Paradigm.. 122

4.4.2. In i, u. 123

4.4.3. In Diphthong. 124

4.4.4. The Plural in the Third Declension. 125

4.5. Fourth Declension.. 126

4.5.1. The Paradigm.. 126

4.5.2. In Occlusive, m, l 127

4.5.3. In r, n, s. 128

4.5.4. The Plural in the Fourth Declension. 129

4.6. Variable Nouns. 129

4.7. Vocalism before the Declension.. 129

4.8. Vocalism in the Plural. 131