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A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, First Edition


This book is out-dated! A New Version is available

The newest version (13 MAY 2011) is freely available for read and download at:
A Grammar of Modern Indo-European, Third Edition


grammar 11/1/2008Indo-European

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European

(Eur. Modesnī Sindhueurōpáī Grbhmńtikā)

Current Version: 3.86 (10/1/2009)

Indo-European Language Forum :: Reader Reviews
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  4. Collaborate Co-author Newer Versions
  5. RevisionChanges Revision Notes

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European is a complete reference guide to a modern, revived Indo-European language. It contains a comprehensive description of Proto-Indo-European grammar and offers an analysis of the complexities of the prehistoric language and its reconstruction. Written in a fresh and accessible style, this book focuses on the real patterns of use in a modern Europe's Indo-European language. The book is well organized and is filled with full, clear explanations of areas of confusion and difficulty. It also includes an extensive index, glossary of linguistic terms and numbered paragraphs designed to provide readers easy access to the information they require. An essential reference source for the learner and user of Indo-European, this book will be the standard work for years to come.


1. Buy a Printed Copy for ≈16€ / ≈15£ / ≈20$

The price may vary depending on the different versions (number of pages), nature of binding, paper and cover quality, publisher's costs and e-store discounts. While every precaution is taken in the preparation of each printed version, the authors, editors and publishers assume no responsibility for errors or ommissions.

Please Note: Newest editions might include gross mistakes or ommisions

1.1) Post Quarto, 10" x 8", 25.4cm x 20.3cm (v. 3.85)
Details: Print-on-demand, printed book sample previously revised. Paperback book, 440 pages, perfect binding, black and white interior ink.
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1.2) Crown Quarto, 9.68" x 7.44", 24.6cm x 18.9cm (v. 3.86)
Details: Print-on-demand service, usually latest printable version, printed sample NOT revised. Paperback book, 440 pages, perfect binding, black and white interior ink.
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1.3) Foolscap Quarto, 8½" x 6¾", 21.6cm x 16.8cm (v. 3.24)

Please Note: This edition is a print run of an old, out-dated version

Details: Quality edition, editor-revised impression. Paperback book, 390 pages, perfect binding, black and white interior ink.
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2. Get a Free Printed Copy for your Institution

If you are a member of a public or private institution related to higher education or research, you can ask for a donation of one or more printed copies of the grammar, even as a way to expedite proceedings, like avoiding internal normative steps, as the formal justification of costs (and the payment paperwork) for new acquisitions in public libraries.


The decision to accept your request depends on different factors, such as our current stock, your relationship with the institution (to support its actual interest in acquiring copies), the destination country - we get huge discounts for posts within the European Union -, the potential public awareness your institution offers (in prestige, number of members/readers, etc.), research or education field/s, and so on. You can see a map of donations made.


Learning Indo-European Languages
3. Download a Free PDF / HTML Copy

3.1) Ebook in PDF and human translations:


3.2) Ebook in HTML, machine-translated texts & web translations (v. 3.20)

You can use Google's PDF conversion to read an HTML document of the latest version, or you can read the full HMTL version of the Indo-European Grammar at dnghu.org (slow!). We recommend you to read the following parts, though:

  1. Preface & Introduction: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  2. Writing System & Words: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  3. Nouns & Adjectives: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  4. Verbs & Particles: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  5. Syntax & Phonology: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  6. Etymological Notes: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian

NOTE. Automatic translated texts might be improved with your corrections, especially wrong translations repeated again and again throughout the text, by using the simple "replace with" function. Please share any corrections in the Reader Reviews section. Translations may also be worked directly collaborating in our Wiki websites dedicated to the learning of Indo-European, as indo-european.eu, indogermanisch,eu, indoeuropeo.org, indo-europees.eu, indoeuropejski.eu, indoeuropeo.eu, indo-europeen.eu, etc. Please visit europaio.org and/or sindhueuropaiom.org for more languages.


4. Downloadable Documents for Collaborative Writing

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European is already heading for version 4, a full revision of version 3, the First Printed Edition. Everyone can collaborate and be co-author of newer editions of the book or translate it into other languages.

Note: You can see how this Word document and its cover in PSD looks like when printed in a print-on-demand service, ordering a copy of the Grammar at Amazon.com (Post Quarto size) or at Lulu.com (Crown Quarto size), or you can try sending them your own Word documents and asking for a proof copy.

NOTES: 1) The PDF is saved in standard Adobe Acrobat, print size 22cm x 17cm; other formats should be tested first; 2) Some links have been left and may cause unexpected problems to the Printer; 3) The FreeHand file is delivered in .FH9 and .FH11, and with rasterized text versions, to avoid font-related problems; 4) The cover size is larger than it should, to leave enough space to cut margins; 5) The spine width is not adjusted to the book, and should be corrected by the Editor or Printer; 5) The Cover file (frontpage) in Photoshop, Illustrator, Freehand or Tiff formats are released as they were delivered to the Editor - subsequent changes in format and/or design made by them and/or the Printer in the printed edition are not included and may even be subject to some form of copyright, so please be careful, especially if you want to resell copies made directly from the printed book.


Important: Just in case you want to make major corrections, to present the book with other style or to (re)write your own chapters, please request a Word .doc(x) file to be sent to you individually at grammar@dnghu.org. The file is not available here to avoid 1) common mistakes from people downloading it instead of the recommended formats and 2) having to upload the .doc(x) file every time we release a new version.


5. Latest Revisions to the Indo-European Grammar (Full Release Notes)
Please share corrections you wish to make in the Forum for discussion
  • 10/1/2009 :: (v. 3.86) One word missed in the Proto-Italic version of Schleicher's Fable.
  • 09/1/2009 :: (v. 3.85) First full revision heading for version 4. All sections revised, but for Etymological Notes.

----- Revisions made before Pre-Version 4.0 ------

  • 30/7/2008 :: (v. 3.45) Introductory section titles revised. Scheicher's Fable posted in more proto-languages to fill the extra page created by rev. 3.43.
  • 29/7/2008 :: (v. 3.44) Greek loan word "Proto-" translated to Europe's PIE "prmo-". Etymology notes section revised accordingly.
  • 28/7/2008 :: (v. 3.43) Introduction to the Proto-Indo-European timeline revised, some notes added: on the terms "Indo-European", "European", "Europe's Indo-European". About the criticism to the "language revival" concept used for proto-languages: added information on trends to call Modern Hebrew "Israeli" due to differences with "Ancient Hebrew".
  • 25/7/2008 :: (v. 3.42) Introductory section on Armenian; "Graeco-Armenian" question revised.
  • 15/7/2008 :: (v. 3.41) Minor corrections, including Greek laryngeals' transcription, like aner and onomn, now showing Northern (i.e. non-laryngeal) version ner and nomn
  • 06/5/2008 :: (v. 3.40) Meaningful corrections, including translation of proper names (Carlos and France), IE ari(j)os, etymology of Gk. theos, ekklesia, geo, verbal forms, etc.
  • 12/4/2008 :: (v. 3.37) Minor corrections, including phonetics, s-mobile, IE meitos, preismos.
  • 16/3/2008 :: (v. 3.36) Numbers section improved. Indo-European day (Eur. dínom, not déinom), and daylight (Eur. dhṓchōs, from dhech, not dághōs, from agh) corrected.
  • 12/3/2008 :: (v. 3.35) Indo-European Schleicher's Fable and the Italic, Celtic and Proto-Greek reconstructions revised.
  • 18/1/2008 :: (v. 3.34) Latin "Penultimate rule" corrected. IE rodo's proper meaning "gnaw". Classification of lineqmi(linqo)-type verbs moved to a new suffixed athematic conjugation.
  • 1/1/2008 :: (v. 3.33) Schleicher's Fable in Indo-European and its Proto-Languages reconstructions revised following our own publications.
  • 30/12/2007 :: (v. 3.32) Newer revision of Personal Pronouns.
  • 18/12/2007 :: (v. 3.31) Full and thorough revision of Personal Pronouns, thanks to Fernando López-Menchero and his own work on the Proto-Indo-European Personal Pronouns.
  • 16/10/2007 :: (v. 3.30) Revision of Nouns, Third Declension, -u: Locative and Instrumental in -ei and -i. Added etymological note about PIE (a)re-, thanks to Fernando López-Menchero.
  • 15/10/2007 :: (v. 3.25) Mistakes in Verb tables: imperatives written in first and second rows.

----- Revisions made before First Printed Edition ------


  • 20/7/07 :: (v. 3.24) Some translation (like reconstructable) and syntax mistakes corrected. Few information added or changed.
  • 14/7/2007 :: (v. 3.22) Notes: Mali-gnos, "malign", (as dweni-gnos, "benign"), comes indeed from zero-grade gnos, not from chnos.
  • 13/7/2007 :: (v. 3.21) Added important missing information to the pronouns, or just corrected. Thanks to the contributions of PhD. Olivier Simon and to the work of Fernando López-Menchero about the Indo-European Indefinite and Demonstrative Pronouns.
  • 12/7/2007 :: (v. 3.20) First Printed Edition, Final Version - Changes in Content and Design.
  • 27/6/07 :: (v. 3.15) First Printed Edition, Release Candidate III - Minor Changes in Content and Design.
  • 23/6/2007 :: (v. 3.10) First Printed Edition, 2nd Major Version (Release Candidate II) - Minor Changes in Frontpage, Major Changes in Content and Design.
  • 04/6/2007 :: (v. 3.02) Anglískos has obviously root accent, i.e. Ángliskos, as Téutiskos, and so on. Also, Europáios is irregular, following the different modern IE languages, as it could be 'purer IE' Európaios or later 'Graeco-Latin' Europaíos (Europaéus).
  • 03/6/2007 :: (v. 3.01) Feminine in (v. 2.0) page 86 instead of "femenine", thanks to M.Barnett.
  • 02/6/2007 :: (v. 3.0) Major changes have been made, some chapters rewritten and some others added. Thanks to the collaboration of Fernando López-Menchero, including a table on the Proto-Indo-European Noun Morphology and a thousand other corrections sent via email.

----- Revisions made before Version 3.0 ------


  • 06/5/2007 :: (v. 2.16) Minor style changes - more links are added for quick references.
  • 05/5/2007 :: (v. 2.15) Major Style Revision of footnotes, now added to the end of each section, to facilitate the reading of the grammar - thanks to Adam Cooper.
  • 04/5/2007 :: (v. 2.13) Added comment about "European" as an adjective and noun in Indo-European languages from Europe
  • 30/4/2007 :: (v. 2.12) Minor corrections on long vowels, palato-velar g, etc.
  • 29/4/2007 :: (v. 2.11) Latin endings -tas/-tati-, reduced as MIE -ta, as e.g. Lat. Uniuersitas, Uniuersitat-, "University", -> MIE Oiniwersita
  • 26/4/2007 :: (v. 2.10) We enter Full Second Edition of MIE Grammar. Added Remaining Major Sections about PIE Verbal Inflection, MIE Conjugations and IE Particles, already revised. Aorist-Imperfect Question solved.
  • 22/4/2007 :: (v. 2.04) Some minor style and hyperlink errors arranged.
  • 19/4/2007 :: (v. 2.03) Second Declension Paradigm added.
  • 16/4/2007 :: (v. 2.02) PDF is made smaller with the same quality, and some wrong images are now correctly seen.
  • 14/4/2007 :: (v. 2.01) Some more words and their etymologies and derivatives added. Minor corrections in noun declension. Some more information about the authors.
  • 13/4/2007 :: (v. 2.0) Full Revision of Europaio: A Brief Grammar of the European Language. Changes listed in the Revions' log within the book.

----- Revisions made before Version 2.0 ------
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