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Πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκή Γραμματική


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grammar 06/5/2008Indo-European

A Grammar of Modern Indo-European

(Eur. Modesnī Sindhueurōpáī Grbhmńtikā)

Current Version: 3.45 (30/7/2008)

Indo-European Language Forum :: Reader Reviews
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3.1) Ebook in PDF and human translations:


3.2) Ebook in HTML, machine-translated texts & web translations (v. 3.20)

You can use Google's PDF conversion to read an HTML document of the latest version, or you can read the full HMTL version of the Indo-European Grammar at dnghu.org (slow!). We recommend you to read the following parts, though:

  1. Preface & Introduction: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  2. Writing System & Words: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  3. Nouns & Adjectives: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  4. Verbs & Particles: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  5. Syntax & Phonology: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian
  6. Etymological Notes: German • Spanish • French • Italian • Dutch • Polish • Portuguese • Russian

NOTE. Automatic translated texts might be improved with your corrections, especially wrong translations repeated again and again throughout the text, by using the simple "replace with" function. Please share any corrections in the Reader Reviews section. Translations may also be worked directly collaborating in our Wiki websites dedicated to the learning of Indo-European, as indo-european.eu, indogermanisch,eu, indoeuropeo.org, indo-europees.eu, indoeuropejski.eu, indoeuropeo.eu, indo-europeen.eu, etc. Please visit europaio.org and/or sindhueuropaiom.org for more languages.


MIE Grammar For Print - 1st Edition, Final Version:


Note: You can see how this Word document and its cover in PSD looks like when printed in a print-on-demand service, ordering a copy of the Grammar at Amazon.com (Post Quarto size) or at Lulu.com (Crown Quarto size), or you can try sending them your own Word documents and asking for a proof copy.

NOTES: 1) The PDF is saved in standard Adobe Acrobat, print size 22cm x 17cm; other formats should be tested first; 2) Some links have been left and may cause unexpected problems to the Printer; 3) The FreeHand file is delivered in .FH9 and .FH11, and with rasterized text versions, to avoid font-related problems; 4) The cover size is larger than it should, to leave enough space to cut margins; 5) The spine width is not adjusted to the book, and should be corrected by the Editor or Printer; 5) The Cover file (frontpage) in Photoshop, Illustrator, Freehand or Tiff formats are released as they were delivered to the Editor - subsequent changes in format and/or design made by them and/or the Printer in the printed edition are not included and may even be subject to some form of copyright, so please be careful, especially if you want to resell copies made directly from the printed book.


Important: Just in case you want to make major corrections, to present the book with other style or to (re)write your own chapters, please request a Word .doc(x) file to be sent to you individually at grammar@dnghu.org. The file is not available here to avoid 1) common mistakes from people downloading it instead of the recommended formats and 2) having to upload the .doc(x) file every time we release a new version.


Latest Revisions to the Indo-European Grammar

Please share any corrections in the Indo-European Forum for public discussion
  • 30/7/08 :: (v. 3.45) Introductory section titles revised. Scheicher's Fable posted in more proto-languages to fill the extra page created by rev. 3.43.
  • 29/7/08 :: (v. 3.44) Greek loan word "Proto-" translated to Europe's PIE "prmo-". Etymology notes section revised accordingly.
  • 28/7/08 :: (v. 3.43) Introduction to the Proto-Indo-European timeline revised, some notes added: on the terms "Indo-European", "European", "Europe's Indo-European". About the criticism to the "language revival" concept used for proto-languages: added information on trends to call Modern Hebrew "Israeli" due to differences with "Ancient Hebrew".
  • 25/7/08 :: (v. 3.42) Introductory section on Armenian; "Graeco-Armenian" question revised.
  • 15/7/08 :: (v. 3.41) Minor corrections, including Greek laryngeals' transcription, like aner and onomn, now showing Northern (i.e. non-laryngeal) version ner and nomn
  • 06/5/08 :: (v. 3.40) Meaningful corrections, including translation of proper names (Carlos and France), IE ari(j)os, etymology of Gk. theos, ekklesia, geo, verbal forms, etc.
  • 12/4/08 :: (v. 3.37) Minor corrections, including phonetics, s-mobile, IE meitos, preismos.
  • 16/3/08 :: (v. 3.36) Numbers section improved. Indo-European day (Eur. dínom, not déinom), and daylight (Eur. dhṓchōs, from dhech, not dághōs, from agh) corrected.
  • 12/3/08 :: (v. 3.35) Indo-European Schleicher's Fable and the Italic, Celtic and Proto-Greek reconstructions revised.
  • 18/1/08 :: (v. 3.34) Latin "Penultimate rule" corrected. IE rodo's proper meaning "gnaw". Classification of lineqmi(linqo)-type verbs moved to a new suffixed athematic conjugation.
  • 1/1/08 :: (v. 3.33) Schleicher's Fable in Indo-European and its Proto-Languages reconstructions revised following our own publications.
  • 30/12/07 :: (v. 3.32) Newer revision of Personal Pronouns.
  • 18/12/07 :: (v. 3.31) Full and thorough revision of Personal Pronouns, thanks to Fernando López-Menchero and his own work on the Proto-Indo-European Personal Pronouns.
  • 16/10/07 :: (v. 3.30) Revision of Nouns, Third Declension, -u: Locative and Instrumental in -ei and -i. Added etymological note about PIE (a)re-, thanks to Fernando López-Menchero.
  • 15/10/07 :: (v. 3.25) Mistakes in Verb tables: imperatives written in first and second rows.

----- Revisions made before First Printed Edition ------


  • 20/7/07 :: (v. 3.24) Some translation (like reconstructable) and syntax mistakes corrected. Few information added or changed.
  • 14/7/07 :: (v. 3.22) Notes: Mali-gnos, "malign", (as dweni-gnos, "benign"), comes indeed from zero-grade gnos, not from chnos.
  • 13/7/07 :: (v. 3.21) Added important missing information to the pronouns, or just corrected. Thanks to the contributions of PhD. Olivier Simon and to the work of Fernando López-Menchero about the Indo-European Indefinite and Demonstrative Pronouns.
  • 12/7/07 :: (v. 3.20) First Printed Edition, Final Version - Changes in Content and Design.
  • 27/6/07 :: (v. 3.15) First Printed Edition, Release Candidate III - Minor Changes in Content and Design.
  • 23/6/07 :: (v. 3.10) First Printed Edition, 2nd Major Version (Release Candidate II) - Minor Changes in Frontpage, Major Changes in Content and Design.
  • 04/6/07 :: (v. 3.02) Anglískos has obviously root accent, i.e. Ángliskos, as Téutiskos, and so on. Also, Europáios is irregular, following the different modern IE languages, as it could be 'purer IE' Európaios or later 'Graeco-Latin' Europaíos (Europaéus).
  • 03/6/07 :: (v. 3.01) Feminine in (v. 2.0) page 86 instead of "femenine", thanks to M.Barnett.
  • 02/6/07 :: (v. 3.0) Major changes have been made, some chapters rewritten and some others added. Thanks to the collaboration of Fernando López-Menchero, including a table on the Proto-Indo-European Noun Morphology and a thousand other corrections sent via email.

----- Revisions made before Version 3.0 ------


  • 06/5/07 :: (v. 2.16) Minor style changes - more links are added for quick references.
  • 05/5/07 :: (v. 2.15) Major Style Revision of footnotes, now added to the end of each section, to facilitate the reading of the grammar - thanks to Adam Cooper.
  • 04/5/07 :: (v. 2.13) Added comment about "European" as an adjective and noun in Indo-European languages from Europe
  • 30/4/07 :: (v. 2.12) Minor corrections on long vowels, palato-velar g, etc.
  • 29/4/07 :: (v. 2.11) Latin endings -tas/-tati-, reduced as MIE -ta, as e.g. Lat. Uniuersitas, Uniuersitat-, "University", -> MIE Oiniwersita
  • 26/4/07 :: (v. 2.10) We enter Full Second Edition of MIE Grammar. Added Remaining Major Sections about PIE Verbal Inflection, MIE Conjugations and IE Particles, already revised. Aorist-Imperfect Question solved.
  • 22/4/07 :: (v. 2.04) Some minor style and hyperlink errors arranged.
  • 19/4/07 :: (v. 2.03) Second Declension Paradigm added.
  • 16/4/07 :: (v. 2.02) PDF is made smaller with the same quality, and some wrong images are now correctly seen.
  • 14/4/07 :: (v. 2.01) Some more words and their etymologies and derivatives added. Minor corrections in noun declension. Some more information about the authors.
  • 13/4/07 :: (v. 2.0) Full Revision of Europaio: A Brief Grammar of the European Language. Changes listed in the Revions' log within the book.

----- Revisions made before Version 2.0 ------
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